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PIPING AND MECHANICAL WORKS - Section # 2. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Exact duties and responsibilities of the Piping or Mechanical Field Engineer vary from project to project depending on the scope of the work and the specific contractual requirements. A generic position description for a Mechanical Field Engineer is shown in Attachment 3-1. A generic position description for a Piping Field Engineer is shown in Attachment 3-2.

QUALITY


Ensuring the quality of the work done on a project is one of the major goals and objectives of the Field Engineer. This goal is more than making sure that the craft are using the latest drawing revision or that a system has been installed to project specifications. It must include monitoring how the client perceives the progress toward project completion.
To keep job quality at the highest level possible and maintain a positive client perception of the work that has been completed, the Field Engineer must ensure that:
Project specifications and standards are met
Work discrepancies are quickly identified and  corrected
Quality standards are maintained - do not compromise
Teamwork within the organization is developed and maintained
Materials are properly controlled
Constructability reviews are performed before work is released for construction
Construction safety is considered in all work released to the craft for work
Project quantities are properly reported and forecast


MATERIAL CONTROL


Field Engineering material control duties will vary from project to project. A sample of material control duties may include:
Preparing Field Material Requisitions (FMR)
Preparing Material Receipt Instructions (MRI)
Performing receiving inspection of material delivered to the construction site
Verifying that the proper paperwork has been received from the vendor with each order
Designating proper material storage levels
When preparing requisitions and ordering material the Field Engineer must provide a complete material description of each item needed. For example, when specifying 2 1/2 inch diameter A106 grade B seamless carbon steel pipe, schedule 40, a key word in the material specification could  be seamless. If the word seamless did not appear in the material requisition, the wrong material could be delivered to the site.

Suppliers and the Field Procurement buyer may not be aware of all project specifications and the job could incur additional costs and schedule delays from restocking or replacing incorrect material. Material stock codes which completely define particular materials should be used whenever possible to ensure the right material is purchased, received, and released for installation.

Field material storage is normally handled by the Field Procurement group. The Field Engineer, however, should have a working knowledge of required storage levels including requirements for nitrogen blankets, and lay-up and should periodically check material laydown and warehouse areas for proper storage.  The Field Engineer should also ensure that any required maintenance  is performed on equipment while in storage.

CONSTRUCTABILITY


Constructability, as defined by the Construction Industry Institute (CII), is "the optimum use of construction knowledge and experience in planning, design, procurement, and field operations to achieve overall project objectives.”

Constructability is an ongoing process of integrating construction knowledge and experience into conceptual design, procurement, detailed engineering, and field construction operations which provides the opportunity to reduce project costs and improve project schedules.

The ability to influence project costs and to incorporate construction experience and methods into a project plan and design is greatest during the very earliest stages of a project. Therefore, the greatest benefit of the constructability process will be derived with the earliest establishment and implementation of a constructability plan on a project.

Bechtel's Constructability Program provides construction input to the design process by taking ideas and lessons learned on projects and applying them to present and future projects within the company. The Constructability Handbook describes the Bechtel Constructability Program in more detail. The Field Engineer plays an important role in the successful implementation of the  Bechtel's Constructability Program.

Bechtel’s corporate Lessons Learned and Best Practices are compiled and are available through several ways:

  • On-Line Reference Library (OLRL) contains lessons learned and best practices sections which can be accessed by computer link to a regional office. This information is listed by general subject title and can be retrieved at the construction site.
  • Periodic construction newsletters and bulletins which provide information from other projects and corporate initiatives.
  • Periodic project meetings to review site progress and project lessons learned.
  • The final Project Historical Report for completed projects which compile significant lessons learned on the project.
The Field Engineer participates in the Constructability Program in several ways:
  • Review project designs for constructability and suggest enhancements to improve the construction process on the project.
  • Since the construction craft build what the engineer visualizes, solicit constructability ideas from the craft and craft supervision to take advantage of their knowledge of what can and cannot be built.
  • Contribute to the corporate Lessons Learned Program to ensure that project field experience is captured for use by future projects.


LESSONS LEARNED


The Field Engineer can make an important contribution to the organization by sharing experiences and knowledge with the rest of the company. Proposed Lessons Learned are typically recorded on a form similar to that shown in Attachment 3-3 and are submitted to site management for review and approval. Approved lessons are entered into the corporate On-Line Reference Library (OLRL).
Project Lessons Learned should be identified and submitted at all stages of the project and must not be used as a dumping ground for identifying problems. Do not submit a problem statement or existing condition without offering a suggested solution or opportunity for improvement.

SAFETY


New personnel on the site are typically given a general safety orientation covering the following:
Specific job requirements
Potential hazards
General refresher of safety practices expected from each worker
The Field Engineer plays a very important role in the administration of the safety program at the construction site. Some typical responsibilities include:
Ensure that work is preplanned with safety in mind
Monitor work areas for safety and housekeeping
Maintain personal safety and set the example
Develop appropriate safety permits, clearances, and tagging requirements
Monitor subcontractor work for safe practices
Ensure Material Safety Data Sheets are available for the materials in use at the site
Ensure field design activities take worker safety into consideration

COST AND SCHEDULE


Project Cost Performance

Work performance at the job is tracked using the Jobhour Reporting System.  A weekly cost  report showing cost codes by each discipline is standard. The cost codes are tracked and evaluated to indicate how individual commodities are performing. An example is cost code P-11 that follows 2-inch diameter and smaller carbon steel pipe. Pipefitters, Teamsters, and Operating Engineers all charge to this cost code.
Parallel to the labor charges, the Field Engineer prepares a periodic report showing accepted quantities completed for the same time frame. The cost department then uses the quantities reported to calculate earned job-hours which is the product of the installed quantities and the budget unit rate. The budget unit rate is the number of job-hours the project has been given to install a unit length of pipe (usually a foot or a meter).
The actual job-hours charged are then divided by earned job-hours to calculate a cost code performance factor (PF). A PF of 1.0 or less indicates that materials are being installed at less than the budget for the project and is favorable. A PF greater than 1.0 indicates that budgets are being exceeded. In summary,

EARNED JOB-HOURS = (BUDGET UNIT RATE) X (QTY INSTALLED) PERFORMANCE FACTOR = (ACTUAL JOB-HOURS) / (EARNED JOB-HOURS)

Project Schedules

The project plan or schedule is made up of several smaller plans.  They include a 90/180 day  plan, near term schedules (1 to 4 weeks), and daily work schedules. The 90/180 day schedule is based on a code account structure. Each activity will show the quantities to be installed and the manpower to be utilized for each period. Manpower will be summarized at the bottom and broken down by craft. A summary of all 90/180 day schedules will yield total project manpower requirements by craft.
The near term schedule describes in detail all the resources required and quantities of work to be accomplished to achieve interim milestone dates. This level schedule is what the Field Engineer normally will use to plan material, work packages, and testing that will be required on the project. The schedule provides the definition of what will be needed on the project in the coming weeks.
The basic guidance for project scheduling is to plan your work and work your plan.

FIELD CRAFT SUPPORT/COMMUNICATION


It is important that the Field Engineer develop the habit of checking with craft supervision each morning on what is being worked in assigned areas or on assigned systems. This will help plan daily work activities and allows for review of completed work for quality and progress reporting.

One aspect of field support is to discuss with the craft the work ongoing. This develops good open communication and there will not be any "we vs. they" attitudes. Problems or questions should be reviewed early to prevent major reworks or confusion on how something was completed.

Another part of craft support is problem resolution. This may involve discussions with the supervisor, Project Field Engineer, or Design Engineer to resolve and correct the condition. It may also require the generation of nonconformance reports, discrepancy reports, field change requests, or field change notices to document the resolution of the problem.

TYPICAL JOB ACTIVITY FLOW


Early Project Phase

  • Review engineering drawings
  • Meet client representatives
  • Review quantity tracking requirements
  • Order field material
  • Help in temporary site services layout and design
  • Do underground piping
  • Scope hydrostatic tests and system turnovers
  • Order testing equipment
  • Review schedules taking material and scoping needs into consideration and discuss any concerns with supervision
  • Work with supervision and project controls on erection sequences of large equipment and assist in developing rigging plans.


Peak Construction Project Phase

  • Receive and track material
  • Provide field support to superintendents and craft
  • Review completed installations for correctness against drawings
  • Punchlist any discrepancies in completed work
  • Start hydrostatic testing and releasing for insulation
  • Set equipment as it arrives
  • Lubricate stored material as needed and maintain lubrication records
  • Maintain client interface
  • Continue quantity reporting

Project Completion Phase

  • Develop punchlists and complete physical work
  • Tie-in equipment
  • Complete hydrostatic, flushing, and start-up testing
  • Complete valve packing and flange torque checks
  • Complete as-builts
  • Turnover systems to client
  • Surplus extra material


SAMPLE MECHANICAL FIELD ENGINEER POSITION DESCRIPTION
ATTACHMENT 3-1


POSITION: MECHANICAL FIELD ENGINEER

The Mechanical Field Engineer is responsible to the Project Field Engineer for adherence to specifications for all equipment installation work.

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:
Provides technical assistance to the Mechanical or Equipment Superintendent, Area Superintendent and Area Engineer and keeps them informed on matters relating to quality control.
Establishes with the client personnel, parameters on testing, installation and turnover of systems and major equipment.
Determines area priorities for equipment installation through consultation with Area Supervision.
Establishes communications with Design to resolve field problems.
Reviews the project schedule and working with the Mechanical or Equipment Superintendent and Area Engineer, develops the 90/180 day schedules as required.
Performs inspection of all equipment installation work in progress on a continuing basis. Witnesses tests and completes final equipment checks and tests prior to client turnover.
Assists the Mechanical Superintendent and Area Engineers in solving equipment problems.
Implements inspections of equipment installations.
Executes field takeoffs from design drawings and provides input to the quantity tracking system.
Reports weekly installed quantities to the Cost Engineer.
Writes material requisitions for all equipment testing equipment, spare parts, gaskets, and lubricants required for the job.
Maintains an open dialogue with site and factory vendor representatives to assess requirements and needs for having vendor representatives at the site.

NOTE: Having vendor representatives at the site is normally required during the startup of large and/or complex product moving systems such as pumps, compressors, turbines, conveyors, boiler systems, and moving/feeding systems.

Assists Area Engineers on equipment related problems to obtain vendor information, substitutions and other design related problems.
Assists the Field Procurement Supervisor in the inspection and receipt of piping materials and in the setting up of site controls for storage, protection, and maintenance of permanent plant equipment and associated materials.
Maintains as-built information for equipment installations.
Determines the scope of any equipment installations not shown on the design drawings, such as seal water piping.
Establishes with the design office, those permanent materials and construction materials to be ordered by the field, establishes cut off dates for Regional Office material requisitioning and issues field material requisitions as required.
Assists the Superintendent in establishing equipment delivery priority.
Monitors off-site equipment fabrication through expediting to coordinate the proper priority flow of equipment to the site. Also maintains updated delivery schedules from the fabricator.
Determines the amount of equipment erection to be done in the field. Designs the field fabrication and assembly facilities for field pre-assembly work with a complete building layout and material list. Coordinates efforts with craft supervision to determine the amount of prefabrication work is to be performed and how much will be fabricated at the site prior to field erection.
Monitors code-designed systems to coordinate flow of information to welding and material control to properly control code documentation.
Prepares necessary documentation for installation and/or repair of code-stamped equipment.
Implements regular maintenance schedule for equipment in field storage and installed equipment prior to turnover to the client.
Maintains maintenance records as required for turnover to the client.
Develops labor saving methods of equipment installation such as prefabrication of assemblies or off-site pre-assembly.

SAMPLE PIPING FIELD ENGINEER POSITION DESCRIPTION
ATTACHMENT 3-2


POSITION: PIPING FIELD ENGINEER

The Piping Field Engineer is responsible to the Project Field Engineer for adherence to specifications for all piping installation work.
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:
Provides technical assistance to the Piping Superintendent, Area Superintendent and Area Engineer and keeps them informed on matters relating to quality control.
Establishes with the client personnel, parameters on testing, installation and turnover of systems.
Determines area priorities for piping installation through consultation with Area Supervision.
Establishes communications with the Piping Design Group to resolve design problems.
Reviews the project schedule and working with the Piping Superintendent and Area Engineer, reviews the 90/180 day schedules as required.
Performs inspection of all piping work in progress on a continuing basis. Witnesses tests and completes final P&ID checks prior to turnover to the Client.
Assists the Piping Superintendent and Area Engineers in solving piping problems.
Issues job wide inspection criteria that may be over and above the normal piping inspection.
Executes field takeoffs from design drawings and provides input to the project quantity tracking system.
Reports weekly installed quantities to the Cost Engineer.
Assists Superintendent in establishing pipe spool, pipe support, and valve delivery priority.
Writes material requisitions for all pipe testing equipment, test blinds, gaskets, etc. required for the job.
Assists Area Engineers on piping related problems to obtain vendor information, substitutions, and other design related piping problems.
Assists the Field Procurement Supervisor in the inspection and receipt of piping materials and in the setting up of project controls for storage and protection of piping materials.
Maintains record prints with as-built information for all piping systems when required. Underground systems must be as-built prior to backfill.
Determines the scope of any piping areas not shown on the normal piping drawings, such as steam tracing, package unit interconnection piping, and lubrication systems on equipment.
Establishes with the design office, those permanent materials and construction materials to be ordered by the field, establishes cut off dates for Regional Office material requisitioning and issues field material requisitions as required.
Analyzes the need for field shop spooling and assists supervision in determining the amount of piping to be shop fabricated.
Monitors the off-site spool fabrication to coordinate the proper priority flow of spools to the site. Also maintains updated delivery schedules from the fabricator through the expediting department.
Monitors code designed systems to coordinate flow of information to welding and material control in order to properly control this documentation.
Develops labor saving methods of pipe installation such as prefabrication of assemblies, bending, or off-site pre-assembly.
Determines the amount of small bore pipe (two inch and under) fabrication to be done in the field. Develops field sketches of site fabrication facility based on input from Superintendent  and craft General Foremen. Field sketches to provide a complete building layout and material list. This will require close coordination with supervision to determine how much will be fabricated at the erection point and how much is fabricated in the weld bay.
Designs both large and small bore piping hangers when required.
Generates piping insulation, penetration sealing, painting, and heat tracing releases.

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